A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam) (15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian scientist, educator, and statesman who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. Fondly known as the "Missile Man of India" for his contributions to India's missile and space programs, he was a revered figure for his humility, vision, and dedication to the nation's development.
Early Life and Education
Born: 15 October 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.
Kalam came from a humble background; his father was a boat owner.
He completed his education in physics at St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli, and later studied aerospace engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT).
Scientific Contributions
ISRO and SLV-III:
Kalam was instrumental in developing India’s first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III), which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in 1980, making India a member of the Space Club.
Defence Research and DRDO:
As part of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and later the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Kalam contributed significantly to India's missile development programs, including Agni and Prithvi missiles.
Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests:
Kalam played a pivotal technical and organizational role in the 1998 nuclear tests at Pokhran, solidifying India's status as a nuclear power.
Presidency (2002–2007)
Known as the "People's President," Kalam was deeply admired for his approachability and engagement with the youth.
During his tenure, he emphasized the importance of education, technology, and rural development.
He advocated for the Vision 2020 plan, aiming to transform India into a developed nation by addressing issues like poverty, healthcare, and education.
Books and Vision
Kalam was a prolific writer and penned numerous inspirational books, including:
Wings of Fire (autobiography)
Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India
India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium
The Luminous Sparks
Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji
His vision for India was centered on empowering the youth, promoting innovation, and using technology to address socio-economic challenges.
Awards and Honors
Bharat Ratna (1997) – India’s highest civilian award.
Padma Bhushan (1981) and Padma Vibhushan (1990).
Numerous honorary doctorates from universities across the globe.
Posthumously honored by the United Nations, which declared 15 October as World Students’ Day in his memory.
Later Years and Death
Even after his presidency, Kalam remained active in public life, often addressing students and motivating the youth.
Died: 27 July 2015, while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Shillong.
His last words were a message of inspiration to the youth: "Keep learning and innovating."
Legacy
Inspiration for Youth:
Kalam’s life and achievements have inspired millions, particularly students, to dream big and work hard.
Monuments and Institutions:
The Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial in Rameswaram commemorates his life and contributions.
Numerous educational institutions, awards, and scholarships bear his name.
Famous Quotes
"Dream, dream, dream. Dreams transform into thoughts, and thoughts result in action."
"You have to dream before your dreams can come true."
"If you fail, never give up because FAIL means 'First Attempt in Learning'."
"Excellence is a continuous process and not an accident."
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam remains an enduring symbol of innovation, humility, and service to humanity, embodying the spirit of modern India.
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