What's the Measles?
Measles is also called the rubeola. A viral infection that's serious for small children but is easily preventable by a vaccine.
The disease spreads through the air by respiratory droplets produced from coughing or sneezing.
What's the Extremely rare?
~Fewer than 5 thousand cases per year (India).
~Preventable by vaccine.
~Treatable by a medical professional.
~Requires a medical diagnosis.
~Lab tests or imaging often required.
~Spreads easily.
How Measles is prevented?
~By airborne respiratory droplets (coughs or sneezes).
~By saliva (kissing or shared drinks).
~By touching a contaminated surface.
~By skin-to-skin contact (handshakes or hugs).
~By mother to baby by pregnancy, labour or nursing.
Note:- For informational purposes only. Consult your local medical authority for advice.
What's the Symptoms?
Measles symptoms don't appear until 10 to 14 days after exposure.
They include cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes, sore throat, fever and a red, blotchy skin rash.
For informational purposes only. Consult your local medical authority for advice.
What's the treatment consists of preventative measures?
There's no treatment to get rid of an established measles infection, but over the counter fever reducers or vitamin A may help with symptoms.
What's the symptoms of Khasra?
Cold like symptoms, such as runny nose, watery eyes, swollen eyelids and sneezing.
And Red eyes and sensitivity to light. A mild to severe temperature, which may peak at over 40.6C (105F) for several days, then fall but go up again when the rash appears. Tiredness, irritability and general lack of energy.
What's the Infection and incubation?
For the first 10 to 14 days after infection, the measles virus spreads in the body. There are no signs or symptoms of measles during this time.
What's the Nonspecific signs and symptoms?
Measles typically begins with a mild to moderate fever, often with a persistent cough, a runny nose, inflamed eyes (conjunctivitis) and a sore throat.
This relatively mild illness may last 2 to 3 days. Acute illness and rash. The rash is made up of small red spots, some of which are slightly raised.
Spots and bumps in tight clusters give the skin a splotchy red appearance. The face breaks out first.
Over the next few days, the rash spreads down the arms, chest and back, then over the thighs, lower legs and feet.
At the same time, the fever rises sharply, often as high as 104 to 105.8 F (40 to 41 C).
What's the Recovery?
The measles rash may last about seven days. The rash gradually fades first from the face and last from the thighs and feet.
As other symptoms of the illness go away, the cough and darkening or peeling of the skin where the rash was may stay for about 10 days.
When can a person spread the measles virus?
A person with measles can spread the virus to others for about eight days, starting four days before the rash appears and ending when the rash has been present for four days.
When to see a doctor?
Call your health care provider if you think you or your child may have been exposed to measles or if you or your child has a rash that looks like measles.
Review your family's vaccination records with your provider, especially before your children start day care, school or college and before international travel outside of the U.S.
Why Measles is a highly contagious illnesses?
This means it's very easily spread to others. Measles is caused by a virus found in the nose and throat of an infected child or adult.
When someone with measles coughs, sneezes or talks, infectious droplets spray into the air.
where other people can breathe them in. The infectious droplets can hang in the air for about an hour.
The infectious droplets may also land on a surface, where they can live and spread for several hours.
You can get the measles virus by putting your fingers in your mouth or nose or rubbing your eyes after touching the infected surface.
Which is highly contagious?
Measles is highly contagious from about four days before to four days after the rash appears.
About 90% of people who haven't had measles or been vaccinated against measles will become infected when exposed to someone with the measles virus.
What's the Risks factors?
Being unvaccinated. If you haven't had the measles vaccine, you're much more likely to get measles.
Traveling internationally. If you travel to countries where measles is more common, you're at higher risk of catching measles.
Having a vitamin A deficiency. If you don't have enough vitamin A in your diet, you're more likely to have more-severe symptoms and complications of measles.
What's the Complications of measles include?
Diarrhea and vomiting. Diarrhea and vomiting can result in losing too much water from the body (dehydration).
Ear infection. One of the most common complications of measles is a bacterial ear infection.
Bronchitis, laryngitis or croup. Measles may lead to irritation and swelling (inflammation) of the airways (croup).
It can also lead to inflammation of the inner walls that line the main air passageways of the lungs (bronchitis). Measles can also cause inflammation of the voice box (laryngitis).
What's the Pneumonia?
Measles can commonly cause an infection in the lungs (pneumonia). People with weakened immune systems can develop an especially dangerous type of pneumonia that sometimes can lead to death.
What's the Encephalitis?
About 1 in 1,000 people with measles can develop a complication called encephalitis.
Encephalitis is irritation and swelling (inflammation) of the brain. The condition can be especially dangerous for people with weakened immune systems.
Encephalitis may occur right after measles, or it might not occur until months later. Encephalitis can cause permanent brain damage.
What's Pregnancy problems in Measles?
If you're pregnant, you need to take special care to avoid measles because the disease can cause premature birth, low birth weight and fetal death.
What's the Prevention in Pregnancy problems?
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that children and adults receive the measles vaccine to prevent measles.
What's the Measles vaccine in children?
The measles vaccine is usually given as a combined measles mumps rubella (MMR) vaccine.
This vaccine may also include the chickenpox (varicella) vaccine MMRV vaccine.
Health care providers recommend that children receive the MMR vaccine between 12 and 15 months of age, and again between 4 and 6 years of age before entering school.
The MMR vaccine's two doses are 97% effective in preventing measles and protecting against it for life.
In the small number of people who get measles after being vaccinated, the symptoms are generally mild.
What we should Keep in mind?
If you'll be traveling internationally outside the U.S. when your child is 6 to 11 months old, talk with your child's health care provider about getting the measles vaccine earlier.
If your child or teenager didn't get the two doses of the vaccine at the recommended times, your child may need two doses of the vaccine four weeks apart.
Babies born to women who have received the vaccine or who are already immune because they had measles are usually protected from measles for about 6 months after birth.
If a child requires protection from measles before 12 months of age for example, for foreign travel the vaccine can be given as early as 6 months of age.
But children who are vaccinated early still need to be vaccinated at the recommended ages later.
Providing a child with the MMR vaccine as a combination of recommended vaccines can prevent a child's delay in protection against infection from measles, mumps and rubella and with fewer shots.
The combination vaccine is as safe and effective as the vaccines given separately. Side effects are generally mild and may include a sore arm where the shot was given and fever.
Why Measles vaccine in adults?
You may need the measles vaccine if you're an adult who does not have proof of immunity. And Has an increased risk of measles, such as attending college, traveling internationally outside the U.S. or working in a hospital environment.
Was born in 1957 or later. If you've already had measles, your body has built up its immune system to fight the infection, and you can't get measles again. Most people born or living in the U.S. before 1957 are immune to measles, simply because they've already had it.
What's the Proof of immunity & protection from getting measles infection?
~Written documentation of appropriate measles vaccinations.
~Lab tests that show evidence of immunity.
~Lab tests that show you've had measles in the past.
~If you're not sure if you need the measles vaccine.
~Talk to your health care provider.
~Preventing measles during an outbreak or known infection.
~If someone in your household has measles. ~Take these precautions to protect family and friends without immunity.
Why we should Isolate?
Because measles is highly contagious from about four days before to four days after the rash appears, people with measles should stay home.
And not return to activities where they interact with other people during this period.
People who aren't vaccinated, siblings, for example should also stay away from the infected person.
Why Vaccinate in Measles?
Be sure that anyone who's at risk of getting measles who hasn't been fully vaccinated receives the measles vaccine as soon as possible.
This includes infants older than 6 months and anyone born in 1957 or later who doesn't have proof of immunity.
Why Getting vaccinated with the measles vaccine is important?
Promoting and preserving widespread immunity. Since the introduction of the measles vaccine, measles has virtually been eliminated in the U.S.
Even though not everyone has been vaccinated. This effect is called herd immunity.
But herd immunity may now be weakening a bit, likely due to a drop in vaccination rates. The incidence of measles in the U.S. recently increased significantly.
Preventing a resurgence of measles. Steady vaccination rates are important because soon after vaccination rates decline, measles begins to come back.
Here's one example. In 1998, a now discredited study was published incorrectly linking autism to the (MMR) vaccine.
In the United Kingdom, where the study originated, the rate of vaccination dropped to an all-time low of about 80% of all children in 2003 to 2004.
In 2008, there were nearly 1,400 lab-confirmed cases of measles in England and Wales.
What's the No proven link between the MMR vaccine and autism?
After the MMR study in 1998, some drops in vaccine numbers were found in the UK and elsewhere, and some people believed there was a possible link.
Since then, widespread concerns have been raised about a possible link between the MMR vaccine and autism. However, extensive reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the National Academy of Medicine, and the CDC conclude that there is no scientifically proven link between the MMR vaccine and autism.
These organizations note that autism is often identified in toddlers between the ages of 18 and 30 months, which is about the time children are given their first MMR vaccine. But this coincidence in timing shouldn't be mistaken for a cause and effect relationship.
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