The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the space agency of the Government of India, responsible for India's space research and exploration activities. Here's an overview:
**Establishment:**
1. ISRO was founded on August 15, 1969, by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, considered the father of the Indian space program.
2. Its headquarters is located in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
**Mandate:**
1. ISRO's primary objectives include the development and application of space technology for various national tasks, including communication, earth observation, navigation, and scientific exploration.
2. The agency aims to harness space technology for socio-economic development, disaster management, environmental monitoring, and national security.
**Key Achievements:**
1. **Satellite Launches:** ISRO has successfully launched numerous satellites for communication, remote sensing, navigation, and scientific research using its indigenous launch vehicles.
2. **Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan):** In 2013, ISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission made India the first country to succeed in its maiden attempt to reach Mars orbit and the fourth space agency globally to do so.
3. **Chandrayaan Missions:** ISRO's Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2 missions aimed to explore the moon, with Chandrayaan-2 being the first to attempt a soft landing near the lunar south pole.
4. **Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS):** ISRO developed the IRNSS, also known as NavIC, to provide accurate positioning and timing information over India and the surrounding region.
5. **Gaganyaan Mission:** ISRO is working on the Gaganyaan mission, India's first manned space mission, aimed at sending Indian astronauts to space.
**Technological Capabilities:**
1. **Launch Vehicles:** ISRO has developed a family of launch vehicles, including the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), to deploy satellites into various orbits.
2. **Satellite Technology:** ISRO designs and builds a range of satellites for communication, earth observation, navigation, and scientific research, contributing to various national and international projects.
3. **Space Exploration:** ISRO conducts planetary exploration missions, space science research, and technology demonstration missions to advance India's capabilities in space exploration.
**International Collaboration:**
1. ISRO collaborates with space agencies and organizations worldwide on various projects, including satellite launches, space exploration, and scientific research.
2. The agency participates in international forums and partnerships to share expertise, resources, and data for the benefit of global space exploration and development.
**Future Plans:**
1. ISRO continues to expand its capabilities in space technology, satellite communication, earth observation, navigation, and space science.
2. The agency aims to launch more advanced satellites, conduct planetary exploration missions, and enhance India's presence and influence in space.
ISRO's achievements and contributions have positioned India as a significant player in the global space community, with a focus on leveraging space technology for the benefit of society and the advancement of scientific knowledge.